乌斯塔沙
相关条目：克罗地亚独立国，南斯拉夫王国，World War II in Yugoslavia，极端民族主义，Croatian nationalism（克罗地亚民族主义），法西斯主义
The Ustaše (pronounced [ûstaʃe]), also known by anglicised versions Ustasha or Ustashe, was a Croatian fascist and ultranationalist organization active, as one organization, between 1929 and 1945, formally known as the Ustaša – Croatian Revolutionary Movement (Croatian: Ustaša – Hrvatski revolucionarni pokret). Its members murdered hundreds of thousands of Serbs, Jews, and Roma as well as political dissidents in Yugoslavia during World War II.
Ustaše，发音 [ûstaʃe]，乌斯塔沙，英语化翻译为 Ustasha 或 Ustashe，克罗地亚历史上一个兼法西斯主义及极端民族主义组织，因 1929 年至 1945 年间的乌斯塔沙－克罗地亚革命运动（克罗地亚语：Ustaša – Hrvatski revolucionarni pokret）而为人所知。在二战期间的南斯拉夫（参见 World War II in Yugoslavia），其成员杀害了上千名塞尔维亚人，犹太人，罗姆人以及异见者。
The ideology of the movement was a blend of fascism, Roman Catholicism and Croatian nationalism. The Ustaše supported the creation of a Greater Croatia that would span the Drina River and extend to the border of Belgrade. The movement emphasized the need for a racially “pure” Croatia and promoted genocide against Serbs due to the Ustaše’s beliefs grounded in anti-Serb sentiment and Jews and Romani people via Nazi racial theory, and persecution of anti-fascist or dissident Croats and Bosniaks. The Ustaše viewed the Bosniaks as “Muslim Croats,” and as a result, Bosniaks were not persecuted on the basis of race.
乌斯塔沙－克罗地亚革命运动的指导理念为法西斯主义，天主教派思想以及克罗地亚民族主义（参见 Croatian nationalism）。该组织认同大克罗地亚的理念，认为其地理边界是从德里纳河延伸到贝尔格莱德边界。运动基于反犹太人，反罗姆人以及反塞尔维亚种族情绪（Anti-Serb sentiment）的纳粹种族理论，通过对反法西斯者，持不同政见的克罗地亚人和波什尼亚人的迫害，以达到保持克罗地亚种族“纯洁性”的目的。乌斯塔沙组织认为波什尼亚人是“信仰伊斯兰教的克罗地亚人”，因此波什尼亚人没有因种族清洗而受到迫害。
Fiercely Roman Catholic, the Ustaše espoused Roman Catholicism and Islam as the religions of the Croats and Bosniaks and condemned Orthodox Christianity, which was the main religion of the Serbs. Roman Catholicism was identified with Croatian nationalism, while Islam, which had a large following in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was praised by the Ustaše as the religion that “keeps true the blood of Croats.”
乌斯塔沙支持天主教与伊斯兰教作为克罗地亚人和波什尼亚人的宗教，反对塞尔维亚人所信仰的原始正统基督教（Proto-orthodox Christianity，参见正统（信仰））。因此，罗马天主教被认定为克罗地亚民族主义（Croatian nationalism）。在波黑，伊斯兰教拥有大量信仰者，乌斯塔沙称赞其“保持了克罗地亚人血统”。
It was founded as a nationalist organization that sought to create an independent Croatian state. When the Ustaše came to power in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), a quasi-protectorate puppet state established by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany during World War II, its military wings became the Croatian Home Guard and the Ustaše Militia (Croatian: Ustaška vojnica). However, the Ustaše lacked support among ordinary Croats and never accrued any significant support among the populace. The Ustaše regime was backed by parts of the Croatian population that during the interwar period had felt oppressed in the Serbian-led Yugoslavia. Most of the support it had initially gained by creating a Croat national state was lost because of the brutal practices it used.
乌斯塔沙是一个民族主义组织，该组织寻求建立一个独立的克罗地亚国家（Croatian question）。1941 年建成的克罗地亚独立国(NDH),是纳粹德国的傀儡政权、意大利王国的保护国，军事部门为克罗地亚本土卫队（Croatian Home Guard (World War II)）和乌斯塔沙民兵（Ustaše Militia）（克罗地亚语：Ustaška vojnica）。但乌斯塔沙在普通克罗地亚人中缺乏支持，只有部分人认同其理念。在战间期，饱受南斯拉夫王国独裁者亚历山大一世_(南斯拉夫)压迫。克罗地亚独立国家建（也即民族国家）立初期，乌斯塔沙受到大部分民众支持，但后期脱离群众的思想 / 行为导致该组织大失民心。
The movement functioned as a terrorist organization before World War II but in April 1941, they were appointed to rule a part of Axis-occupied Yugoslavia as the NDH, which has been described as both an Italian-German quasi-protectorate, and as a puppet state of Nazi Germany.
该组织是一个恐怖组织。1941 年 4 月被任命统治克罗地亚独立国——南斯拉夫战役后轴心国所占领的南斯拉夫的一部分，纳粹德国的傀儡政权、意大利王国的保护国。